Certain genetic mutations, such as in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes, increase the risk.
Advancing age is the most significant risk factor.
Accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, including amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, disrupts brain function.
Chronic brain inflammation may contribute to disease development.
Exposure to toxins or pollutants may increase risk.
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, lack of exercise, and low cognitive stimulation can elevate risk.