Like all medications, birth control pills have undesirable side effects. Birth control pills are a commonly used contraception method. They are hormonal pills used to prevent pregnancy, regulate the menstrual cycle, and treat other conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), migraines, acne, and endometriosis. Most adverse effects resolve spontaneously; however, this article discusses common side effects of birth control pills and ways to manage them. (1,2,3)
1. Nausea
Management of nausea includes the following:
- Birth control pills should be taken with food or at bedtime to help reduce the feeling of nausea.
- Drinking 1-2 liters of water throughout the day can also help reduce nausea, although this method may not work with everyone.
- Eating small, frequent meals can alleviate symptoms. Eating salty foods can help, too.
- The use of antacids or over-the-counter (OTC) anti nausea medications can be beneficial.
2. Headaches
- Increasing water intake and limiting caffeine and sugar can prevent or reduce the intensity of headaches.
- OTC Painkillers, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, can be used to relieve the symptoms.
- For patients diagnosed with migraine with aura, birth control pills should not be used as contraceptives.
3. Weight Gain
There isn’t a proven direct link between birth control pills and gaining weight; however, these pills may increase appetite or cause bloating. (4) The risk of weight gain may be a significant concern to some females, which might be the reason they refuse to take these pills.
- Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and proteins can prevent gaining weight.
- Maintaining physical activity is essential to reduce the risk of weight gain.
- It is important to monitor calorie intake and be aware of overeating.
4. Mood Swings
- It is crucial to be aware that birth control pills can affect mood and may lead to depression symptoms.
- Stress management methods are helpful like meditation and breathing exercises.
- Seeking emotional support from others improves mood and mental health.
5. Spotting and Irregular Menses
- Taking the pills at the same time every day prevents fluctuation in hormonal levels.
- This issue usually resolves with time, and it is essential to keep track of bleeding patterns. However, if spotting remains unsolved for months or becomes heavy, medical intervention is needed.
6. High Blood Pressure
- It is important to monitor blood pressure regularly while taking birth control pills.
- Regular physical activity, following a healthy diet, and stress management all help in maintaining normal blood pressure.
- If blood pressure readings rise, consult your physician.
7. Blood Clots
- If there is a family history of blood clots, it is recommended to have regular checkups and monitor for any potential symptoms.
- Smoking increases the risk of blood clots when taking birth control pills, especially for women over 35 years old.
It is recommended, with the consultation of medical professionals, to assess the potential benefits and risks of using birth control pills before starting the course. Additionally, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of severe adverse events and when to seek immediate medical interventions.
References
- https://www.prescribingpractice.com/content/clinical-focus/managing-the-side-effects-of-contraception/
- https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1215/p1499.html
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430882/
- https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-pills-weight-gain
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